Voltage spikes may be longitudinal (common) mode or metallic (normal or differential) mode. However voltage spikes can also have more mundane causes such as a fault in a transformer or higher-voltage (primary circuit) power wires falling onto lower-voltage (secondary circuit) power wires as a result of accident or storm damage. Voltage spike may be created by a rapid buildup or decay of a magnetic field, which may induce energy into the associated circuit. While generally referred to as a voltage spike, the phenomenon in question is actually an energy spike, in that it is measured not in volts but in joules a transient response defined by a mathematical product of voltage, current, and time. An avalanche diode, transient voltage suppression diode, transil, varistor, overvoltage crowbar, or a range of other overvoltage protective devices can divert ( shunt) this transient current thereby minimizing voltage. In semiconductor junctions, excessive electrical current may destroy or severely weaken that device. Current from a discharging inductor is one example.įor sensitive electronics, excessive current can flow if this voltage spike exceeds a material's breakdown voltage, or if it causes avalanche breakdown. Voltage would increase as necessary so that a constant current will flow. However some voltage spikes may be created by current sources. The effect of a voltage spike is to produce a corresponding increase in current ( current spike). In the design of critical infrastructure and military hardware, one concern is of pulses produced by nuclear explosions, whose nuclear electromagnetic pulse ( EMP) distribute large energies in frequencies from 1 kHz into the Gigahertz range through the atmosphere. electromagnetic pulses (EMP) with electromagnetic energy distributed typically up to the 100 kHz and 1 MHz frequency range.malfunctions caused by the power company.power transitions in other large equipment on the same power line.In electrical engineering, spikes are fast, short duration electrical transients in voltage ( voltage spikes), current ( current spike), or transferred energy ( energy spikes) in an electrical circuit.įast, short duration electrical transients ( overvoltages) in the electric potential of a circuit are typically caused by
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